The Formation of Arab Nationalism in Egypt an Example of the Topic Government and Law Essays by

The Formation of Arab Nationalism in Egypt From the early 1500s up to the early 1900s, Egypt, as well as all the Arabs, was under the Turkish Ottoman Empires rule. However, with the decline of the empires power in 1918, the Arab world became vulnerable to foreign powers, France and Britain specifically, being the victors of World War 1. This struggle against foreign rule led to an awakening of nationalistic ideologies within the region (Abdel-Mageed, 2008, p. 1). Need essay sample on "The Formation of Arab Nationalism in Egypt" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed It was during this political/social turmoil that Saad Zaghlul, considered as the father of Egyptian Nationalism, stepped into the political limelight. Saad Zaghul, who finished Islamic Law at Al-Azhar University, served various important posts in the Egyptian Government; as the minister of education, minister of justice, and finally in 1913, as the vice president of the legislative assembly (Abdel-Mageed, 2008, p. 1). University Students Frequently Tell EssayLab writers:How much do I have to pay someone to make my essay in time?Essay writers suggest: It Is Very Easy And Convenient To Buy Essays OnlineTop Essay Writing Company Write My Essay For Me Cheap Do My Assignment Online Essay Writing At the end of the First World War, Zaghlul formed a delegation to the Paris Peace Conference of 1919, with a mission of calling for independence from Britain. However, much to the dismay and surprise of the Egyptian nation, Zaghlul was arrested and exiled to Malta. Later released only after the deaths of some 800 Egyptian protestors, Zaghlul became the first-ever elected prime minister of Egypt in 1924 (Abdel-Mageed, 2008, p. 1). Today, some historians and sociologists agree that Zaghlul was a main factor in instigating pan-Arabic movements that led to the rise of Arabism in Egypt. One such reason cited is the fact that during his term as education minister, he had insisted on making Arabic as the official language in primary schools, despite the apparent objections of the British rulers. Others, however, are of the thought that Zaghluls revolution in 1919 was unfinished. They hold that what was started by Zaghlul came into completion only in the 1952 revolution, with the successful ousting of the British (Abdel-Mageed, 2008, p. 1). Reference Abdel-Mageed, D. (2008, February 4) Fathering Egyptian Nationalism. Al Jazeera.net. Focus: Arab Unity.

The Return of the Dangling Modifiers

The Return of the Dangling Modifiers The Return of the Dangling Modifiers The Return of the Dangling Modifiers By Mark Nichol Like the compositional equivalent of lurching zombies, dangling modifiers insistently, incessantly assault the sensibilities of careful writers (and careful readers). I’ve posted several sets of examples of these misbegotten misconstructions in which an erroneously constructed sentence subject is at odds with the modifying phrase that precedes it, but they keep on coming. Here, in honor of Halloween, I execute another sordid sortie of such monstrous errors. 1. â€Å"A biostatistician by training, Smith’s initial study of alcohol as a disease was funded by Jones.† Smith’s initial study is not a biostatistician by training; he is. Therefore, the modifier (in this case an appositive, a word or phrase that takes the place of another word or phrase: Smith and â€Å"a biostatistician by training† refer to the same entity) should follow the subject, so that the sentence reads, â€Å"Smith was a biostatistician by training, and his initial study of alcohol as a disease was funded by Jones.† But this revision might alter the emphasis of the author’s intended meaning. â€Å"Smith, a biostatistician by training, received funding from Jones for his initial study of alcohol as a disease† might adhere more closely to the original intent. 2. â€Å"After nearly four years behind bars, an Italian jury overturned her conviction for the murder of her roommate.† If I had been part of that incarcerated panel, I would have avoided the jail time by overturning the defendant’s conviction four years earlier. For this sentence to say what it’s trying to say that the defendant, not the jury, was exonerated the defendant needs to be introduced in the introductory modifier: â€Å"After she spent nearly four years behind bars, an Italian jury overturned her conviction for the murder of her roommate.† 3. â€Å"As a member of a political minority in this area, it’s interesting how people here just assume you think the way they do.† It is not a minority, the writer is. Writers need not introduce themselves at the expense of the expletive it’s, but they do need to introduce themselves: â€Å"As a member of a political minority in this area, it’s interesting to me how people here just assume you think the way they do.† 4. â€Å"Born in Los Angeles, this isn’t the first time John Doe has sparked controversy with his artwork.† This sentence suffers from a distracting diversion similar to the one in the previous example; it identifies LA as the birthplace of this, rather than the hometown of John Doe. The statement’s awkward insertion of a detail that is both unimportant and unrelated to the main part of the sentence is easily remedied; reinsert the biographical detail as a parenthetical following Smith’s name: â€Å"This isn’t the first time John Doe, born in Los Angeles, has sparked controversy with his artwork.† 5. â€Å"Never a fan nor a detractor, the sheer insanity of the band excited and frightened me enough to stay three hours longer than I intended to.† The sheer insanity of the band is not its own fan or detractor the writer is. Therefore, the writer must be the subject of the sentence; I also introduced the modifier nevertheless to signal the contrast between expectation and outcome: â€Å"Never a fan nor a detractor, I was nevertheless excited and frightened enough by the sheer insanity of the band to stay three hours longer than I intended to.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:45 Synonyms for â€Å"Food†When to Form a Plural with an ApostropheComment, Suggestion, and Feedback

How to Say Good Morning and Good Evening in Chinese

How to Say Good Morning and Good Evening in Chinese After learning to say hello in Mandarin Chinese, the next step is learning to say good evening and good morning. Before diving in, its important to keep a couple of Chinese phrasings in mind: the character æâ€" © (zÇŽo) means early in  Chinese. It is often used in morning greetings. Both  Ã¦â€" ©Ã¥ ®â€° (zÇŽo Ä n) and  Ã¦â€" ©Ã¤ ¸Å Ã¥ ¥ ½ (zÇŽo shang hÇŽo) mean good morning. Sometimes, just a quick  Ã¦â€" © is a colloquial way of saying good morning. Good Morning in Mandarin Chinese There are actually three ways to say good morning in  Mandarin Chinese. Audio links are indicated with the mark, ââ€" º .   ââ€" ºÃ¢â‚¬â€¹zÇŽo æâ€" ©Ã¢â€" ºÃ¢â‚¬â€¹Ã¢â‚¬â€¹zÇŽo Ä n  Ã¦â€" ©Ã¥ ®â€°zÇŽo shng hÇŽo æâ€" ©Ã¤ ¸Å Ã¥ ¥ ½ The Importance of æâ€" © (ZÇŽo) As noted, æâ€" © (zÇŽo) means â€Å"morning.† It is a noun and can also be used by itself as a greeting meaning good morning. The Chinese character æâ€" © (zÇŽo) is a composite of two character components: æâ€" ¥ (rà ¬) which  means sun and Ã¥  , an old form of ç” ² (jiÇŽ), which means â€Å"first† or â€Å"armor.† A literal interpretation of the character æâ€" © (zÇŽo), therefore, is â€Å"first sun.† The Difference Between æâ€" ©Ã¥ ®â€° and æâ€" ©Ã¤ ¸Å Ã¥ ¥ ½ The first character æâ€" © in this section head is explained above. The second character Ã¥ ®â€° (Ä n) means peace. So, the literal translation of æâ€" ©Ã¥ ®â€° (zÇŽo Ä n) is morning peace. A more formal way to say good morning is æâ€" ©Ã¤ ¸Å Ã¥ ¥ ½ (zÇŽo shng hÇŽo). HÇŽo–å ¥ ½ means good. On its own, ä ¸Å  (shng) means up or upon. But in this case, æâ€" ©Ã¤ ¸Å  (zÇŽo shng) is a compound meaning early morning. So the literal translation of æâ€" ©Ã¤ ¸Å Ã¥ ¥ ½ (zÇŽo shng hÇŽo) is early morning good. Good Evening in Mandarin Chinese The phrase 晚ä ¸Å Ã¥ ¥ ½ (wÇŽn shng hÇŽo) means good evening in Chinese. The word 晚  is composed of two parts: æâ€" ¥ and å…  (miÇŽn). As noted previously,  Ã¦â€" ¥ means sun, while  Ã¥â€¦  means free or absolve. Combined, the character represents the concept of being free of the sun.   Using the same pattern as æâ€" ©Ã¤ ¸Å Ã¥ ¥ ½ (zÇŽo shng hÇŽo), you can say good evening with 晚ä ¸Å Ã¥ ¥ ½ (wÇŽn shng hÇŽo). The literal translation of 晚ä ¸Å Ã¥ ¥ ½ (wÇŽn shng hÇŽo) is evening good. Unlike æâ€" ©Ã¥ ®â€° (zÇŽo Ä n), 晚å ®â€°Ã‚  (wÇŽn Ä n) is not usually used as a greeting but rather as a farewell. The phrase means good night in the sense of sending people away (in a nice way) or saying the phrase to people before they go to bed.   Appropriate Times These greetings should be said at the appropriate time of the day. Morning greetings should be said up to about 10 a.m. Evening greetings are usually said between about 6 p.m. and 8 p.m. The standard greeting  Ã¤ ½  Ã¥ ¥ ½ (nÇ  hÇŽo) can be used at any time of the day or night. Tones The Pinyin Romanization above uses tone marks. Pinyin is a Romanization system used to learn Mandarin. It transcribes the sounds of Mandarin using the Western (Roman)  alphabet. Pinyin is most commonly used in Mainland China for teaching school children to read, and it is also widely used in teaching materials designed for Westerners who wish to learn Mandarin. Mandarin Chinese is a tonal language, which means that the meanings of words depend on which tone they use. There are four tones in Mandarin: First: a level and higher pitchSecond: rising, which starts from a lower pitch and ends  at a slightly higher pitchThird:  a falling-rising sound that starts with at a neutral tone then dips to a lower pitch before ending at a higher pitchFourth:  a falling tone, which starts the syllable at a slightly higher-than-neutral pitch before going quickly and strongly to a downward tone In Mandarin Chinese, many characters have the same sound, so tones are necessary when speaking to differentiate words from each other.

Humanism in Traditional Chinese Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 189

Humanism in Traditional Chinese Religion - Essay Example Humanism is an important part of Chinese religion and focuses on responsibility and individual moral autonomy. Humanism supposes that, if the society could each hand over accountability for making ideal moral decisions then the religion would be integral to human ideology. In this regard, the argument that Chinese traditional religion focuses on humanism is partly factual. Humanism insists every individual that is part of the religion ultimately take accountability for making moral judgments. Likewise, humanism offers a clear foundation that usually fancies evidence (empiricism, rationalism) and rationalism over conventional faith (fideism) or doctrine, making it from an important part of Chinese religion. As exemplified in the paper, the argument that Chinese traditional religion focused upon humanism is factual. Humanism roots in Sinjiao, which is an integral part of Chinese traditional religion. It focuses on responsibility, individual moral autonomy, and accountability that is a significant part of Chinese traditional religion.

How Nafta has been framed since inception Research Paper

How Nafta has been framed since inception - Research Paper Example While discussing treaties and agreements, it is essential not to leave out the diverse types of agreements which are considered the most important and imperative. Some of these essential conformities include International Investment Agreement, International Taxation Agreements and most importantly Trade and Commerce Agreements. The most widespread term that we see when trade agreements are discussed, is â€Å"NAFTA†. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is one of the most important accords signed by the American government. This agreement has been shared with the governments of two most central bordering areas of the United States i.e. Mexico and Canada. This agreement came into power on January, 1994. The administrative centers of this agreement are in Mexico City, Ottawa, and Washington, D.C. NAFTA was signed between President George H. W. Bush of US, Prime Minister Brian Mulroney of Canada and Mexican President Carlos Salinas. Following were the advantages and motivations of the generation of this agreement: NAFTA was signed by the three countries to amplify the trade the trade process so that more and more items could be imported and exported to and from these countries. It was about time that the trio apprehend and grasped the magnitude of trade for their realms. As Tamarkin and Bayer have clarified that â€Å"The lifeblood of global connections is world trade. There is evidence of human trading from prehistoric times.† (288) and this specifies the importance of trade and dealing for countries. As far as the area of benefit is concerned when it comes to the state of Mexico, signing this agreement was important because the NAFTA agreement ostensibly eggs on superior colonization among the trio. The increased immigration from Mexico to the US has become even more of a flashpoint. Although this is not the case when it comes to the relationship between Canada

Shifting Identity of an International Student

Shifting Identity of an International Student Over the last two decades the immigration for study by long-term migrants grew from 40,000 in 1990s to 192,000 in 2015 (Population Briefing International student migration What do the statistics tell us? January 2016). This paper aims to examine the reasons behind the students decision to immigrate for higher education, the challenges and issues they might encounter, as well as how having to live far away from home, in a different country, facing a whole new culture and new mentalities ultimately shapes their own personality. Immigration provides the immigrant with a new start in life and more growth opportunities than were previously available. The reasons behind this decision are complex, and differ from student to student, but what all of them have in common is the idea of a brighter future, of more opportunities and the chance to a better life than they would have in their country of origin. As it emerges from my interview, the participants decision to move to England was taken based mostly on the fact that the level of education in universities in England is higher than the one in her country of origin, Egypt, offering a broader diversity of courses and more career options and opportunities. Also, other factors that counted for this decision were the political affairs in Egypt, the revolution, and the fact that her country was not very stable at that moment in time. But apart from its benefits, there are many complex challenges associated with immigration, most of them regarding the assimilation into life in the host country. Migrants, almost by definition, move with the future in mind, but their journeys inevitably involve taking their past with them. Immigration is not only about changing countries, but also about shifting identities, known as the phenomenon of hybrid identity formation. They develop their personal identity as they face conflicting ethnic, personal and national identity options. They deal with both host and origin social constructs, contradicting expectations, traditions and norms during the process of individual identity formation. This phenomenon can be observed in the respondents answers as well. She identifies with some ideals of the British culture, but she feels that she does not belong here. She finds British people too free and uncensored in their thoughts and actions and sometimes even offensive. There is also a great discrepancy between the way in which women are treated. While in England girls are allowed to dress as they want, smoke, attend parties, or walk alone at night feeling safe, and without being judge, in Egypt people have clear, strict standards when it comes to girls clothing and behaviour, and if these are not respected people would stare and judge. Moreover, she faced a significant contrast regarding peoples religious beliefs and practices, as well as the level of religiosity. This affected her life on many levels. Things considered very bad, or even sin in her culture, are seen as normal in England and more, people would consider her weird and treat her differently if she would not take part in those activities or behave as they do. This is why she feels a constant pressure from the contradicting expectations people from the two countries she now belongs to have from her. Thus, migrant students can usually experience alienation of the culture of origin and the loss of meaning con cerning traditional values and norms, or they might feel an exclusion from the host majority society. The shift in migrant students personalities and formation of a dual identity can be observed as well very clearly in the evolution of their home friendships in contrast with the new relationships built in the host country. While they adapt to the new environment, their attitude and views inevitably change and so, their home friends will start facing difficulties in understanding their new ideas and acts. Meanwhile, their new friends from the host country will never be able to fully comprehend their distinctive character, as they do not understand the international students past, including the mentality and culture in which they were born and raised. This is further supported by the persistent finding in the research on international education that for many international students, a major disappointment is their failure to establish meaningful local friendships. Therefore, the migrants start developing feelings of alienation and isolation because neither friends can relate to them com pletely. As my interviewee admitted, she cannot be entirely honest with either of her friends because there are things only the ones from here would understand, and other things only the ones from Egypt would. However, the crucial characteristic, defining people with hybrid identities is the fact, that home is neither represented by their country of origin, nor by their host country. The migrant rather feels affiliated to both places, with both cultures, phenomenon called by sociologists bilocalism. The international students develop familial affiliations, relationships, cultural and material roots in two countries; they identify themselves with two place at the same time. The German-Turkish poet Zehra ÇÄÂ ±rak depicts this fact by using the metaphor of a bridge: the two ends of it symbolize two different cultures. People presenting hybrid identities walk on this bridge freely, from one culture to another. At some points of life one culture might be dominant, later on the other one. Nevertheless, essential for hybrid identities is the permanent presence of both cultures, no matter to which extent. This idea is further supported by Glick Schiller and her colleagues, who argue that nowadays migrants lives cut across national boundaries and bring two societies into a single social field. As my respondent admitted, she often faces contradictory feelings regarding her migration in England. On the one side, she misses home and everything that is related to it, feeling that she does not really belong in UK, but on the other side, there are things in her host country that she got attached to, that make her happy and without which she would not imagine her life now. Many international students might face difficulties in accommodating to the new environment and more importantly in trying to be academically successful in this new environment. However, studies have shown that they are conspicuously better motivated, focused and more aware of the benefits of higher education because they know the sacrifices they had to make in order to get where they are and the struggles they faced in adapting in the host country, so they appreciate more what they have and try to give their best in order to make these efforts worth it. These findings are consistent with my interview research. The respondent declared that she often feels unaccomplished and pressured to work hard and be persistent until she achieves what she wants because she had to leave everything behind in order to come here, and does not want these sacrifices to be in vain. But sometimes she is not as motivated to study and work as she usually is, or as she thinks she should be because she feels isolated, alone, away from home and family, further developing a guilty conscience during these moments. Moreover, migrants can usually experience alienation of the culture of origin and the loss of meaning concerning traditional values and norms, or they might feel an exclusion from the host majority society. From my interviewees experience, she considers that in general British people are colder and more interested in sticking together, than getting to know the international students. Moreover, she does not really like the life here as she considers that moving to UK does not help her accomplish what she really wants. She feels pressured by her identity to learn more about her culture and not being able to do so here bothers her. She could not say if she would change her decision to come to England if she could go back in time. What makes her happy here is what she studies and the friendships she has built so far and she is aware of the fact that she would not be able to continue her studies somewhere else, or leave her friends behind.

Newspapers -How have newspaper changed overtime? Essay

Newspapers have changed so much overtime. It’s changed in so many different ways. Many of them are obvious such as use of colour, text size etc. The first printed newspaper was published in 1605; the World Association of Newspapers recognizes Johann Carolus’s ‘Relation aller Fi rnemmen und gedenckwi rdigen Historie’, published in 1605, as the world’s first newspaper. ‘ However, when the English started printing their own papers in London, they reverted to the pamphlet format used by contemporary books. The era of these news books lasted until the publication of the Oxford Gazette in 1665. Text size has changed drastically as in the early 1900s the text size was so small you needed a magnifier. This was because in the 1900s ink was expensive, very expensive. The newspapers, newsprint (paper) was also very expensive. So the editor had to cram in as much words as possible in the smallest size available. Nowadays the text size is much bigger and not crammed as its given space; even sometimes they make the font bigger when there is less information. This is because people are becoming lazier; they tend to want to read less but also want to know more. They are not prepared to read longer articles. Many popular tabloids are encouraging a ‘culture of ignorance’. Apparently nowadays ‘less is more’ this is referring to the text sizes. There are many studies that shows, people are more likely to read newspapers with fewer words than a newspaper with more words. Anther reason is that the ink is also much cheaper nowadays and so is the manufacturing of newsprint (newspaper paper). The highlighted areas in yellow show how the text many years ago is different to modern newspapers. In the 1903 newspaper the writing is really tiny you can hardly see it whereas in the 2005 newspaper the writing is really big and can be seen from far, so it will catch a passers bys attention. On the other hand in areas highlighted in red is the headline of the story. As you can see in the 1903 newspaper the headline is barely visual as they want to cram in as much information as possible into a tiny area so that they don’t have to pay a lot of money for paper as it was really expensive in the past. However in the 2005 newspaper the headline is really, really big so it can be seen from far. The headlines as you’ve would have guessed are also much bigger this is because the editor wanted to catch the reader’s attention. It reflects less loyal readership. Using the newspapers above the headlines is highlighted in red see how different they are? The 1903 Daily Mail shows that the headline is really small, if you compare it with the 2005 Daily Mail you will see a 20x bigger difference between the headlines. If you saw the 1903 Daily Mail headline in a 2005 newspaper you would think that it was the date, or a little reminder of what is inside the newspaper. Because you wouldn’t even see that type of small font in a newspaper at this date as the newspapers are becoming more modern. That is the really big difference of newspapers and how they adapted to culture. The order of newspapers are really important as you don’t want to clash too many of the sections together and make it appear all incorrect e. g. Fashion section and sport section together, this will confuse people and make the newspaper look unorganized. In the early stages of newspapers there used to be notices of the births, deaths of people etc on the front page of the newspapers, a few newspapers still do it till this day (The Times, Daily Telegraph) but it is hidden, either in the middle or the end of the newspaper. Because it’s no longer important to insert it into the papers to the wider audience, this is because we find out about deaths and births through a wider range of technology such as mobile phones, telephones, and internet etc. And also, there is no longer a target market for this as people are no longer interested to find out about this in newspapers. Newspapers are clearly split into sections. Society has changed therefore newspapers have changed to adapt to the society, and it reflects societies different priorities. For example, sport is more important than the death and birth notices therefore there is always a huge section on sports at the end of the newspaper so it is easier to find and shows the most important story as a front page but at the back. It is also more socially acceptable for newspapers to have a section for fun and enjoyment. In the middle to end, depending on the newspaper, there is a section which includes; crosswords, Sudoku (easy, medium, and hard), horoscopes, mini cartoon strips etc.